1:5 A ratio of constituent parts e.g. 1 part cement to 5 parts sand for fitting coping stones.
1:6 A ratio of constituent parts e.g. 1 part cement to 5 parts sand for brickwork mortar
1:9 A ratio of constituent parts. e.g. 1 part cement to 9 parts sand for laying paving slabs.
1:40 A ratio of the vertical to the horizontal e.g. for a 1 in 40 gradient, for every 40 units travelled horizontally, 1 unit will be travelled vertically. This is ideal for a patio sloping away from a house, where for 1m travelled horizontally, 25mm will be travelled vertically.
2-way switches A special type of light switch. Two switches are required for switching lights on and off from two different positions, such as the top and bottom of a stairwell.
3-way terminal block A plastic connection block with three terminals for through connections of electrical cables.
Accessories In the context of electrical work, these are electrical components such as a light switch, socket outlet, etc.
Accessory In the context of electrical work, this is an electrical component such as a light switch, socket outlet, etc.
Adhesive A glue-type chemical used for bonding or affixing. Tile adhesive either comes ready mixed or in powder forms.
Adhesive spreader adhesive_spreader.bmp Used to create the grooved ridges in tile adhesive as required by the manufacturer's instructions.
Adjustable pliers adjustable_pliers.bmp Used for tightening differing sized fasteners. e.g. in plumbing.
Adjustable spanner adjustable_spanner.bmp Used for tightening different-sized fasteners.
Adjustable wire cutter A specialised tool that allows you to strip insulation from wire. Also called an adjustable wire stripper.
Adjustable wire stripper A specialised tool that allows you to strip insulation from wire. Also called an adjustable wire cutter.
Aggregate Coarse gravel or other material often used in making concrete.
Airlock A blockage in a pipe caused by a trapped bubble of air.
All purpose saw all_purpose_saw.bmp A versatile saw that can cut wood, wood with nails, tree branches or metal pipes, etc.
Ambience The mood or atmosphere generated by the room dΘcor, furnishings and lighting.
Angled brush brush_angled.bmp A type of brush. The bristles are set at an angle to give extra control, useful for painting a window or doorframe architrave.
Angled chisel angled_chisel.bmp A type of chisel. Chisels come in all sizes but must be kept sharp. It is also recommended to wear protective Kevlar gloves while using sharp instrumenets.
Angled drill angled_drill.bmp A specialist type of drill, useful for drilling at an angle. It is recommended that you wear protective kevlar gloves, protective eyewear and non-slip footwear when using any type of drill. You should avoid using a drill in damp conditions.
Anti-condensation A device or chemical that removes moisture from the air, thus avoiding condensation problems on cold or gloss surfaces.
Anti-condensation paint Paint that absorbs moisture from the air and releases it when conditions allow.
Appliance A machine or device powered by electricity or a functional piece of equipment connected to the plumbing - a basin, sink, bath, etc.
Architrave The moulding around a window or doorframe.
Arrising tool arrising_tool.bmp This is used for smoothing off a rough edge on concrete, mortar or plaster etc. A trowel can be used as an arrising tool.
Artificial respiration Recommended first aid treatment for persons suffering following a severe electric shock - the mouth to mouth method should be used.
Back-siphonage This happens when water siphons back into the water supply. It would be possible for this to occur if a showerhead could be completely submerged in the shower tray or bath. If this is possible a double check valve must be fitted.
Ball valve Ballcock.bmp A float system in a toilet or other cistern which closes the valve, stopping the flow of water, when the float reaches a certain height.
Ballast Broken stone or other a material used in the production of concrete. Can also be used to form part of the sub-base for a path, patio or driveway.
Basin wrench basin_wrench.bmp Plumber's wrench designed to allow easy access to the retaining nuts of the basin.
Bath shower mixer Bath Shower Mixer.bmp Used to create a basic shower system. Replaces normal bath taps with a bath and shower attachment.
Bathroom lights Bathroom_light.bmp Additional light fittings are often used in the bathroom. Place carefully to add more functionality to your room. Individual light fittings can be added on a spur from a socket.
Battens Oblong piece of sawn timber. Can be used to create a straight edge in tiling.
Bay Building term. When laying concrete an area, cordoned off using timber or metal, used to create expansion gaps in a larger area of concrete. A number of bays normally form part of the larger formwork structure that the concrete is set in.
Belt sander belt_sander.bmp Belt sanders are perfect for rapid sanding of large flat surfaces.
Bevelled edge Smooth angled edge. Often found on bathroom or kitchen worktops.
Binder A chemical reagent that is used to help bind substances together. For example, cement is used with stone aggregates when making concrete - the cement is the binder.
Blade stanley_knife.bmp Usually made from metal and used to provide a cutting edge.
Blade knife stanley_knife.bmp Used for cutting materials including carpet.
Blowtorch blow_torch.bmp A portable gas torch used for melting solder or removing paint. Handle with care.
Bolster bolster.bmp A large flat chisel used for cutting bricks and chasing out debris.
Bond The way bricks interlock to form a wall - types of bond include Belgian bond and Flemish bond.
Bonding clamp Bonding_Clamp.bmp Used to connect earth bonding cables to metal pipework.
Bonding conductor Electrical conductors connecting the non-conducting metal parts of all services in the home to the main earthing point.
Bore The hollow part of a pipe or tube.
Boss A type of pipe connection. See "Strap on boss".
Bottle trap bottle-trap.bmp Prevents gases escaping the sewer by means of an airlock.
Boundary In terms of your property the boundary is the limit between your land and your neighbours'.
Boxing the paint Mixing two tins of paint of the same colour to ensure a consistent shade.
Bracket A generic term for a projecting support, normally attached to a wall. See "Decorative bracket", "Metal bracket" and "Wooden bracket".
Bracket, decorative Bracket_Metal.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Bracket, metal Bracket2.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Bracket, wooden Bracket3.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Bradawl bradawl.bmp Small hand-held hole boring tool. Used for starting holes for screws in wood and making guide holes.
Breaker Breaker.bmp Heavy duty tool which can make light of difficult tasks such as breaking concrete.
Bricks Bricks.bmp Reclaimed bricks are available from builders' merchants.
Brush, angled brush_angled.bmp A type of paintbrush. The bristles are set at an angle to give extra control, useful for painting a window or doorframe architrave.
Brush, narrow brush narrow.bmp A type of paintbrush. Used to create a fine edge, where fine control of the paint is needed.
Brush, standard brush_standard.bmp A type of paintbrush. The quality of brushes varies considerably, as does their cost. Cheaper brushes will tend to come apart as you use them leaving bristles behind. Pure (100%) bristle brushes will improve with use and are a good investment.
Brush wide brush_wide.bmp A type of paintbrush. Wide paintbrushes are useful when you wish to paint larger areas leaving a paintbrush finish, as opposed to the finish a roller produces. A good paintbrush is carefully shaped into a wedge and has long bristles.
Builder's right-angle Builder's_square_metal.bmp Essential for checking that constructions are at 90 degrees.
Builder's square, metal Builder's_square_metal.bmp A device for measuring right angles - wooden versions can be purchased.
Builders square, wooden Builder's_square_wooden.bmp A device for measuring right angles - metal versions can be purchased
Burr The rough raised edge left on a workpiece after cutting or filing.
Cable clips Cable_Clips.BMP Used to fix cable in place - makes the installation neater and safer. Come in several sizes to match the cable being fastened.
Cable drop Normally refers to a short vertical run of cable connecting to a switch or socket outlet.
Cable sheathing An extra layer of insulation surrounding cables or flexible cords, usually grey or white.
Carborundum stone A silicon carbide material used for sharpening tools and filing rough surfaces
Cartridge fuse See also "Fuses". A specially manufactured type of fuse, tubular in shape with metal ends. One form is inserted in 13A plugs.
Ceiling light Ceiling_Spotlights.bmp Light fitting, either sunk into the ceiling or mounted directly to the ceiling.
Ceiling rose Ceiling_Rose.bmp The circular light accessory that fits against the ceiling and contains the connection terminals.
Ceiling tiles Compressed fibre tiles, usually suspended on a frame to from a false ceiling.
Cement Used in production of mortar and concrete acting as the "Binder".
Chamfering To chamfer is to pare off an edge that was originally a square edge, so it is 'bevelled'.
Chamois Chamois.bmp Cleaning cloth that can be used for achieving specialised painting effects. Made of leather.
Chase The groove cut in masonry or plaster to accept pipework or an electrical cable, or to cut such grooves.
Chemical strippers A proprietary chemical based, paint stripping system. The strong chemicals that are used for removing paint need to be handled with care.
Chinagraph pencil chinagraph_pencil.bmp Used for marking lines on glazed surfaces.
Circuit Electrical term. The term used to describe an electrical wiring layout.
Circuit continuity tester meter.bmp An electrical test instrument, used to test that circuit connections are complete.
Circuit protective device. Electrical term. Any form of electric circuit protection. e.g. fuse, mcb, rcd
Circular saw circular_saw.bmp Circular saws use a powered, spinning disk-blade for cutting straight lines in materials. Extreme caution is required when using them. Electrical saws can also be tilted on a base of 45 degrees for mitre cutting.
Cistern A water-storage tank such as found in the roof of a house or to service toilet. The ball-valve float system is the most common method of filling a cistern. They are often used for the hot-water fail-safe supply.
Claw, hammer hammer.bmp A type of hammer. The claw is used for removing nails. To protect plaster when removing nails, use a piece of wood to lever against.
Cold chisel cold_chisel.bmp Made of metal and can be used for chipping out plaster.
Compression fitting Compression Joint Tee Connector.bmp A method of joining pipes that uses a nut and olive to form a watertight seal.
Compression joint Compression Joint Tee Connector.bmp A pipe joint that uses an olive and nut to form a watertight seal
Compression tee fitting Compression Joint Tee Connector.bmp A compression fitting that is shaped like the letter 't'.
Concrete mixer concrete_mixer.bmp A motorised mixer that can be used to mix mortar and concrete. Concrete mixers are available for hire and are well worth the money. Never leave a concrete mixer idle for long periods with concrete in it. Always clean thoroughly after use.
Concrete post Available in various sizes. Used in fence construction. Concrete posted fences are very strong. Two people are needed to lift a concrete post. Handle with care.
Conduit box A round metal or PVC box with screwed entries for electrical conduit.
Connecting strips Strips of wood or metal that make up 'formwork'. Used in laying concrete. Connecting strips are laid between the formwork to create separate bays.
Connector block, one-way See also "Terminal blocks". A plastic connection block with terminals for one through connection.
Consumer unit Consumer_unit.bmp All the circuits in the house originate from this unit. Situated near the meter it houses the main isolating switch and contains the fuses or mcb's protecting all the circuits.
Continuity tester A simple battery operated buzzer or a suitable resistance range on the multi-meter which is used to verify the wiring arrangement of a circuit.
Contraction units Also called bays, used in formwork to create slabs of concrete that can safely expand and contract together. (Formwork is the collective name of the bays created for laying concrete.)
Cooker control unit Electrical accessory fixed in the kitchen, which provides a means for isolating the electrical cooker.
Copper pipe Copper_pipes.bmp The most common form of pipework. There are two sizes of copper pipe which are normally used for plumbing in the home. Water supply pipes are 16mm in diameter.
Coping stones A type of stone that forms an edging or hood on the top of a wall.
Cordless drill & screwdriver cordless_drill_&_screwdriver.bmp A power drill with an integral re-chargeable battery, can also be used as a screwdriver when set to slow and using the correct attachment, normally supplied with the drill.
Cordless drill & screwdriver variable speed cordless_drill_&_screwdriver_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed (normally changed by squeezing the trigger) power drill with an integral re-chargeable battery, can also be used as a screwdriver when set to slow and using the correct attachment, normally supplied with the drill.
Cordless hammer drill & screwdriver variable speed cordless_hammer_drill_&_screwdriver_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed hammer drill (used for drilling masonry) with an integral re-chargeable battery, can also be used as a screwdriver when set to slow and using the correct attachment, normally supplied with the drill.
Cordless hammer drill variable speed cordless_hammer_drill_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed hammer drill (used for drilling masonry) with an integral re-chargeable battery.
Cordless screwdriver cordless_screwdriver.BMP Power driven screwdrivers with an integral rechargeable battery - often have forward and reverse gears.
Cornice Horizontal moulding which hides the join between a ceiling and a wall.
Course A layer of bricks is known as a "course".
Cover, depth The thickness of a roller cover.
Coving When placed together coving will make up a cornice - horizontal moulding which hides the join between a ceiling and a wall.
Crawling board Fairly substantial wooden boards, at least 300mm wide, used in the roof space to avoid walking on the joists.
Crossfall The direction of the slope for a path or patio. An ideal crossfall for a patio away from the house is 1:40.
Curing Usually refers to the physical changes during the hardening period for resins and glues.
Curtain pole curtain_pole.bmp An elegant alternative to curtain track, usually made of wood or cast iron. Used to hang curtains on, using rings attached to the curtain instead of plastic sliders.
Curtain track curtain_track.bmp Often made of plastic, for hanging curtains on, using plastic sliders attached to the curtain.
Cutting in Painting technique that ensures you are always painting into a wet edge.
Dado The lower part of the inside wall that is (usually) marked out with a wooden dado rail.
Dado rail A wooden rail that forms a skirting along the lower part of a wall.
Damp proof course A treatment that forms an impervious layer between the ground and house. You can tell a house has had a damp proof course by the 'tell-tale' small sealed holes in the second or third course of exterior brickwork.
Dead An electrical term, which indicates that the part is isolated from the electrical supply.
Decorative bracket Bracket_Metal.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Delta sander delta_sander.bmp Delta shaped sanders are ideal for sanding window frames and panelled doors.
Delta sander variable speed delta_sander_variable_speed.bmp Delta shaped variable speed sander can be used in awkward corners and larger areas.
Depth cover The thickness of a roller cover.
Depth gauge A device on an electric drill to allow you to drill holes to a maximum depth.
Dimmer switch A form of light switch used only with incandescent lamps that provides control over the lighting level.
Distribution Electrical term. The complex system of cables and overhead lines needed to supply the electrical energy to the various customers.
Dolly Dolly.bmp Used in fence construction. A protective tool designed to fit into a spike, which can then be hammered into the ground.
Door hinge Door_hinge.bmp Door hinges can be made of steel or brass. Heavier doors use three hinges.
Door lock Door_lock.bmp A British Standard five lever mortise-lock will cut your house contents insurance bill.
Door panelled Panelled_door.bmp A door, with panels as opposed to a flush door. Panelled doors can be trimmed more than flush doors, though check your guarantee in both cases.
Double check valve Compression_valve1.bmp A device which allows water to flow in one direction only, thus preventing back siphonage.
Double insulated Electrical term. See also "Cable sheathing". A second layer of insulation providing additional protection to wiring.
Double pole isolating switch See "Double pole switch".
Double pole switch An electrical switch, capable of isolating both the live and neutral conductors.
Double switched socket Double Socket Outlet, Flush.BMP A socket outlet accessory that has two electrical points. Needed in the modern home. Do not overload sockets.
Downlighter Special light fitting, sunk into the ceiling and having a reflector that directs the light downwards.
Drain-cock A tap from which a plumbing system is drained.
Drill cordless_hammer_drill_&_screwdriver_variable_speed.bmp Electric or manual. When used with a variety or drill bits, allows the drilling of holes in a wide variety of materials.
Drill hammer hammer_drill.bmp Powerful hammer action for drilling concrete and masonry. Also called masonry drill. A variety of specialist drill bits are available.
Drill speed Electric drills have speed controls to allow greater control. When used as a screwdriver the drill speed is used in conjunction with the torque control.
Dry area When paint is allowed to dry it becomes more difficult to paint over seamlessly. Always paint from a dry area to a wet area.
Dry lined A type of wall construction. Often used by modern house builders. Can be wallpapered over straight away.
Dry rot A term for decay caused by moisture. Only in its final stage of decay is the wood dry.
Drywall surfaces A type of wall construction. Often used by modern house builders. Can be wallpapered over straight away.
Ear protectors Ear_protectors.bmp These are recommended when using power tools because long periods of exposure to loud noises can damage ears.
Earth An electrical term for the general mass of earth. Usually the supply system is deliberately connected to earth. A substantial metal rod is driven into the ground at the supply transformer and is connected to the neutral point of the supply. Also known as 'ground'.
Earth block The main earth terminal block at the electrical service point in the house. Provides a means for connecting the main earth conductors, usually to a copper water pipe.
Earth clamp Special form of earth connector. Used for making the actual connection between the earth bonding cables and any gas or water pipes.
Earth conductor The bare conductor in sheathed cables or a separate green and yellow PVC insulated cable. Referred to as a protective conductor, provides a connection from any exposed metalwork (such as socket surrounds) and the consumer's main earth terminal.
Earth faults An electrical fault that diverts the current away from the normal circuit and allows it to be returned by any conductor connecting between the fault and earth.
Earth leakage See also "Earth faults". All circuits must be protected against faults that cause leakage current to earth. For portable electrical equipment the protection must act quickly, clearing the fault within 0.4 seconds.
Earth metalwork See "Earth conductor".
Earth protective conductor See "Earth conductor".
Earth rammer earth_rammer.bmp Use for compacting soil. For larger areas it may be worth hiring a plate compactor.
Earth terminal bar A terminal bar at the supply intake position. Provides a connection point for the return earth bonding conductors and the main earth lead.
Earth wire See "Earth conductor".
Earthed protective metal Any metalwork that normally does not carry any electrical current, but could become charged with electricity if a fault should occur on any of the electrical circuits. This metalwork is connected to the service earth point by an earth protective conductor.
Earthing lead Substantial earth conductor connecting from the supply company's input service box to the main earth terminal bar.
Earth metalwork See "Earthed protective metal".
Earthing point A terminal for the connection of earth protective conductors and earth bonding conductors. The main earth terminal is situated close to the service fuse at the supply intake position.
Earthing system The complete network of conductors, that provide the connection between any exposed protective metalwork and the consumer's main earth terminal, together with the supply earthing arrangements.
Elbow Elbow_joint.bmp A pipe fitting with two openings that changes the direction of the line. It comes in a variety of angles.
Elbow joint Elbow_joint.bmp As elbow. A pipe fitting usually of 90 degrees shaped like an elbow.
Electric scraper electric_scraper.bmp A powerful scraping tool for renovating, decorating, cleaning and wood working. The scraper removes flaking paint, Artex, putty and glue as well as tile adhesive, grout and mortar or plaster splashes. A wide range of optional accessories are available including wood chisels and carving tools.
Electric shock The flow of electric current through the body, painfully exciting the nervous system and producing muscular spasms, possibly affecting the breathing or causing heart failure.
Electric shower unit See "Instantaneous shower unit".
Electric tacker electric_tacker.bmp Allows the easy tacking of various materials. Ideal for furniture upholstery, floor and wall coverings.
Electrical supply service The arrangement of electricity meter, main isolator and consumer unit forming the supply input to the house.
Electrician's screwdriver electicians_screwdriver.bmp A terminal screwdriver, but has extra insulating material along the shaft, sometimes has a neon bulb that warns when the part touched is "live".
Emulsion A water-thinnable paint consisting of pigment suspended in water.
Enamel A very tough type of paint, usually gloss. Normally used for painting metal or ceramic
Equipotential bonding See also 'Bonding conductor'. In bathrooms, a 4mm square bonding conductor inter-connecting all those metal parts that normally would not be conducting electric current, together with a separate connection back to the main earthing point.
Expansion bolts Expansion_bolt.bmp A bolt designed to be used for heavy duty fixing into concrete or masonry walls. Expands against the hole as it is tightened.
Exposure level The level of exposure of brickwork to the elements. Brickwork that is not exposed need not be pointed. How much exposure to the elements an item (such as a door, fence, etc.) is likely to have.
Extension lead A length of three-core flexible cable with a 13A socket outlet connected at one end and a 13A plug at the other. Most extension leads these days are on plastic reels.
Extra-low-voltage Normally not exceeding 50V.
Fascia A thin strip of veneer covering woodwork, usually refers to the strip of wood covering the ends of rafters that hold guttering.
Fault A circuit failure allowing current to flow in a path other than that expected. Fault currents are usually much larger than the normal circuit current and they present a serious fire risk if allowed to persist.
Feather To wear or smooth down edges to blend with surrounding materials.
Fence panel Fence Panel.bmp Used in fence construction. Cheaper panels distort quicker. The use of gravel boards will prevent the wood rotting. Regular treatment with wood preservative is needed.
Fibre The covering of a roller.
Filaments Thin copper strands that make up the conducting cores of a flexible conductor.
Filler strip An item required in formwork construction. See also "Connecting strips", "Formwork" and "Bays".
First aid Extremely important in situations where life threatening accidents occur. Preliminary treatment given to an injured person before the arrival of any professional medical team.
Fished Electrical term. Technique for installing cables through pipework etc.
Fixed appliance Cooker_switch.bmp An electrical appliance that is fixed securely to the wall or ceiling.
Flat-headed Screwdriver screw_driver_flat.bmp Do not use flat headed screwdrivers on cross-headed screws as it will cause damage.
Flat twinned flexible Flat_twin-sheathed.bmp Cable used for supplying indoor table lamps etc.
Flex connector Used to extend power cables in the home and garden. Female side must always connect to the supply. Garden lawnmowers often use flex connectors within their extension leads.
Flexible conductor See also "Flat twinned flexible". A sheathed cable with twin or three core flexible conductors, used to connect to electrical appliances.
Flexible connector See "Flex connector".
Float float.bmp Used for plastering. Made of metal and plastic. Like a flat spatula or trowel.
Float arm Ballcock.bmp Part of a ball valve system that joins between the ball or float and the valve. It holds the float at one end and operates the water valve with the other.
Float valve Ballcock.bmp Closed by a float-operated arm when the water reaches the required level.
Floor tiles Floor Tiles.bmp Heavy-duty ceramic tiles, much stronger in construction than ordinary tiles.
Floorboards Tongue and grooved wooden planks.
Flush To make adjoining surfaces even.
Flush door Flush_door.bmp A door constructed without panels. Internal flush-doors are often hollow, using a corrugated cardboard / plywood laminate that is light and stiff.
Flux Paste that is used in soldering metal joints. Turns into a strong acid that cleans the joint when heated.
Former Moulded part of a pipe bender. Pipes are bent against the former.
Formwork Collective name for the bays that concrete is set in. Usually made of wood or steel. Steel versions can be hired.
Framed mirror Mirror.bmp Framed mirrors can be used to create the illusion of a window in a room! Be creative!
Free-standing cooker An electrical cooker that can be moved away from the wall for cleaning purposes.
Fungicide A substance that kills fungi or mould.
Fuse Fuse.bmp A protective device, always connected in the live conductor, usually at the origin of the circuit.
Fuse box Or fuse board, the equivalent to the "Main Consumer Unit" in older installations.
Fuse cartridge See also "Fuse". A specially manufactured type of fuse, tubular in shape with metal ends, such as those inserted in 13A plugs.
Fuse wire Tinned copper wire connecting between the brass electrodes of the fuse holder. Important, only replace any blown fuse with wire having a fuse rating the same as that engraved on the fuse holder.
Fused connection units An electrical accessory that houses a cartridge fuse of the same type as fitted in 13A plugs. Required when connecting a fixed appliance to a socket outlet ring-main circuit.
Fused spur Electrical term. A spur circuit from a 13A socket outlet ring main, connected from a fused connection unit.
Fused spur unit See "Fused connection unit".
Galvanised Covered with a protective coating of zinc usually on metal.
Garden designer 4 A "photo-realistic" 3D garden designer published by Europress.
Gauge Simply, a measuring device - a gauge can be a ruler, plumb line, pressure gauge, etc.
Gauge, depth A device on an electrical drill to allow you to drill holes to a maximum depth
G-clamp g-cramp.bmp A letter "G" shaped screw-clamp, used to hold or compress work-pieces while they are being glued or worked on.
Generators Very large electrical machine driven by steam turbines, producing electrical energy at the power station. Some properties are serviced by smaller oil driven generators.
Glasspaper Also known as sandpaper, comes in various grades from coarse to fine-used for smoothing surfaces.
Glaze Oil based paint. Available in art shops. Also known as scumble glaze.
Gloss An oil based paint, with a very "shiny", smooth finish, used on wood and metal. Be aware that gloss paint will highlight any surface imperfections, impeccable preparation is the key when using a gloss-finish.
Gloves glove.bmp Various types are available, for protection, extra grip, etc. Kevlar gloves are recommended for when using cutting tools.
Glue gun glue_gun.bmp Quick and easy to use plus glues are available in different colours.
Grain The direction the wood fibres lie along. Most planks have a grain that travels "along" the length of the plank. Chipboard or laminates do not have a real "grain".
Grass shears Grass_cutters.bmp For those difficult to reach spots of grass.
Gravel Small stones popular for use in drives and paths. Available in larger quantities from builder's merchants.
Gravel board A wooden or concrete board placed in the space between fence panel and the ground, to protect the panel from rotting.
Grinder angle grinder_angle.bmp A very-high speed rotary tool, with the cutting disk set at an angle of 90 degrees. Can be adapted for both left and right handed persons.
Grinder straight Grinder_Straight.bmp An industrial grade grinder which can tackle rough de-burring or fine grinding.
Grommet An eyelet or washer. Often made of rubber. Protects electrical cable from chafing on any sharp edges when drawn through holes in metal boxes.
Grout A special finishing mortar that fills the gap between bathroom tiles, or slabs on a patio.
Grouted Tiles with the gaps infilled. Different colours are available.
Grouting To apply "Grout" between the gaps in tiles.
Gully A water-filled trap at the open end of a drainage system at ground level.
Hacksaw hack_saw.bmp A saw primarily used for cutting metal, with a very thin, hardened, replaceable blade. Useful for cutting pipes.
Half round file half_round_file.bmp File with one side rounded, normally used in metalwork applications.
Hammer claw hammer.bmp A type of hammer. The claw is used for removing nails. To protect plaster when removing nails, use a piece of wood to lever against.
Hammer drill hammer_drill.bmp A power-drill with a powerful hammer-action for drilling concrete and masonry, use the masonry bits only.
Hammer drill variable speed hammer_drill_variable_speed.bmp A variable-speed power-drill with a hammer-action for drilling concrete and masonry, use the masonry bits only.
Hardboard Compressed fibre board, made from wood and cardboard fibres with resin. Thin and not very strong. For covering large areas that do not need to be structurally resilient.
Hardcore Broken stones.
Hardpoint tenon saw hardpoint_tenon_saw.bmp A thin-backed, but stiff saw, for precision wood working. Often used to cut mitres, etc.
Head The level of the surface of water above a specific point - used as a measurement of pressure.
Heat gun hot_air_gun.bmp Electrical version of a "Blowtorch". Can also be used for melting solder, joining pipes.
Hedge trimmer Hedge_trimmers.bmp Looks like a chain saw, but is in fact two deeply serrated blades, one slides back and forth under power. trapping and cutting twigs in-between. Extreme caution must be used during use.
High pressure cleaner high_pressure_cleaner.bmp Power-driven water pump, often producing pressures of 1500psi, almost abrasive in nature at full power. Ideal solution for cleaning cars, unblocking drains and wet blasting.
Hole boring tool A "Bradawl" or other device designed to make a hole.
Hopperhead The funnel-shaped end of a vertical drainage pipe which receives the discharge from other waste pipes.
Hose Hose.bmp Flexible pipe, often refers to garden hose, attaches to a tap via special fittings.
Hot air gun hot_air_gun.bmp Modern equivalent of blow torch - see also "Heat Gun".
Hot air gun variable speed hot_air_gun_variable_speed.bmp This gun can vary its temperature for working on stubborn or delicate materials - see also "Heat gun".
Hydrated lime Used as a plasticiser when mixing mortar, it is more usual to use a pre-mixed bottle of brick plasticiser these days.
IEE regulations Book.bmp Institute of Electrical Engineers wiring regulations, the so-called 'Electricians Bible'. A code of professional practice based on the regulations.
Infill To fill gaps, in tiles, foundations, etc.
Instantaneous shower Shower.bmp See also 'Instantaneous shower unit'.
Instantaneous shower units Water is heated as it passes over a large controlled electrical heater and exits through a shower head. Saves on water consumption.
Insulation - electrical Non-conductive material surrounding electrical wires or connections to prevent the passage of electricity.
Isolated Electrical term - see "Dead". Plumbing term - not connected to the water supply.
Isolating toggles The part of a switch that is pushed up or down to bring about the switching action from on to off, or vice versa.
Isolating valve Compression_valve2.BMP Controls the flow of water to an individual fixture.
Jamb Vertical part of a door or window frame.
Jigsaw jigsaw.bmp Refers to an electrical Jig saw, which has a very thin blade that reciprocates at high speed, ideal for cutting tight curves.
Jigsaw variable high speed jigsaw_variable_high_speed.bmp Simply a more powerful version of a Jigsaw. Cuts twice as fast as normal jigsaws.
Jigsaw variable speed jigsaw_variable_speed.bmp Can be used to cut delicate materials at low speed - see also "Jigsaw".
Joint box See "Junction box".
Joint boxes See "Junction box".
Joist A large board, placed on edge and forming one of a series of boards, spaced apart across beams to support the flooring.
Junction box A round plastic connection box, contains brass terminals for joining cables.
Key To roughen a surface (usually with glasspaper) so that the paint will adhere better.
Kilowatt One thousand Watts. A Watt is a unit of power - in electrical terms, it is Volts multiplied by Amps. So, an appliance that uses 1 kW and is connected to a 230V supply, takes a current of 1000/230=4.35A.
Knife, blade stanley_knife.bmp Usually made from metal and used to provide a cutting edge.
Ladder Special care must be taken when working at height. It is always worth hiring the right ladder for the project in hand.
Ladder stay A device which holds the top of a ladder away from a wall so that one can service overhanging guttering, for instance, without having to lean back and risk possible overbalancing.
Large roller large_roller.bmp Manual tool. Used to flatten ground. Vital for the proper preparation of a sub base.
Large tile cutter large_tile_cutter.bmp Specialised tool for cutting wall tiles and especially floor tiles.
Lath and plaster Ceilings in older type houses, which consists of strips of wood nailed to the ceiling joists and then plastered over.
Light switch Electrical accessory for switching lights on or off.
Lighting track For connecting to low voltage light fittings.
Lights, ceiling Light fitting, either sunk into the ceiling or mounted directly to the ceiling.
Lights, wall Light fitting for fixing to an inside wall. Note that many wall lights rely on convection to cool them, follow the mounting instructions carefully to avoid a fire hazard.
Lintel Horizontal beam that supports the wall above a window or door.
Live At a voltage greater than that of the general mass of earth, nominally 230V in the home.
Load Load can be the electrical equipment supplied by the circuit. For example an electric shower unit converts electrical energy to heat. Load can also be power carried by an electric circuirt.
Locking jamb Part of the door which is designed to take the lock.
Lockshield Part of a radiator valve.
Loop-in circuit Modern method of wiring lighting circuits in the home.
Low voltage lighting Special light fittings operating at 12V. Some types are specially constructed to use outside. A special step-down transformer is needed for these lights.
Luminaires The actual light fitting.
Lump hammer lump_hammer.bmp A small, but very heavy hammer, normally used with cold chisels for masonry work. Not suitable for most types of woodwork.
M9 breaking capacity 9000A maximum breaking capacity.
Main consumer unit As "Consumer unit". All the circuits in the house originate from this unit. Situated near the meter it houses the main isolating switch and contains the fuses or mcb's protecting all the circuits.
Main earth terminal See also "Earth terminal bar". The earth terminal bar in the consumer unit or a separate earth terminal bar at the supply intake position.
Main isolating switch For isolating all the circuits in the home, situated in the consumer unit.
Main isolator As main isolating switch.
Masking tape Used for protecting paintwork or glass from excess paint. Can be used to create a neat "edge" to paintwork.
Masonry bit A specially designed drill bit with a tungsten carbide tip for drilling masonry.
Masonry drill A specially designed drill that is capable of drilling through masonry. Never use a drill that is not designed for the intended use. Masonry drills have hammer action.
Matt A paint with a dull uniform finish.
MCB As for "Miniature circuit breaker". A circuit protective device, a preferred alternative to a fuse. Operation is more predictable when interrupting excessive fault current. Simple to reset once the fault is cleared.
Metal bracket Bracket2.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Metal Builder's square Builder's_square_metal.bmp A device for measuring right angles - wooden versions can be purchased.
Metal mounting box metal mounting box.bmp Electrical accessory. Used for fixing flush mounting electrical accessories (into wall).
Metal ruler metel_ruler.bmp For drawing straight lines and measuring.
Meter tails Short lengths of conductor connecting between the electrical service meter and the consumer unit.
Mini belt sander mini_belt_sander.bmp Ideal for shaping wood. Usually a "finger width" belt of abrasive, ideal for shaping wood. Not suited to finishing larger areas.
Miniature circuit breaker A circuit protective device, preferred alternative to the fuse. Operation is more predictable when interrupting excessive fault current. Simple to reset once the fault is cleared.
Mirror, framed Mirror.bmp Framed mirrors can be used to create the illusion of a window in a room! Be creative!
Mismatch When wallpapering a room there will be a point where the pattern does not join up, the mismatch.
Mortar The mixture of plasticiser, cement, sand and water that is used to join bricks in a wall.
Moulded sealed-in Within electrics a special unit that has water proof properties.
Mounting box A metal or plastic box, forms a mechanical protective box for fixing electrical accessories to.
Multi-core solder solder_wheel.bmp Solder is a metal alloy that is melted to join metal surfaces including copper pipes. Multi-core solder also contains flux agent.
Multi-meter meter.bmp A combined voltmeter, ammeter, and continuity tester.
Multi-sander multi_sander.bmp Multi sanders give a finer finish than orbital sanders.
Multi-sander variable speed multi_sander_variable_speed.bmp Speed control gives a greater flexibility for sanding.
Multi-saw multisaw.bmp This saw can sand, file, derust clean and shape.
Muntin The central, vertical length of wood on a panelled door.
Naked flame Exposed flames or hot surfaces that can ignite combustible materials, etc.
Narrow brush brush narrow.bmp Used to create a fine edge, where fine control of the paint is needed.
Natural stone Quarried rock, as opposed to concrete or cement mouldings. More expensive than man-made materials, yet very popular. For example Yorkshire stone is highly sort after.
Network A system of inter-connected cables forming the electricity supply.
Neutral The return conductor for electrical circuits. Nominally at earth potential, zero volts.
New wood Untreated new timber
Noggin Short wooden ties fixed between ceiling joists or vertical studding.
Nominal current capacity The rated current of a circuit, fixed by the size of the circuit mcb or fuse.
Non-drip paint Thixotropic paint, almost solid in the tin, becomes liquid momentarily when applied.
Non-fused spurs See also "Fused spur". An extension made from a 13A ring main circuit supplying, either a single or twin socket outlet. Connections for the extension are made from, either a junction box connection on the ring circuit, or from a socket outlet connected directly to the main circuit.
Olive A ring used in a compression fitting.
One-way connector block See also "Terminal blocks". A plastic connection block with terminals for one through connection.
Orbital sander orbital_sander.bmp A flat sheet sander which moves the sheet in little circles, or "orbits". Some sanders come with vacuum attachments to take away waste.
Orbital sander variable speed orbital_sander_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed flat sheet sander which moves the sheet in little circles, or "orbits". Uses inexpensive sanding sheets and has built in dust extraction.
Outer sheath See also "Cable sheath". An extra layer of insulation surrounding cables or flexible ords, usually grey or white.
Outside light Outside Light.bmp Weatherproof light that adds security.
Outside tap Outside Tap.bmp There are many easy-to-fit kits that take off from existing copper pipes without even requiring the interruption of supply or any cutting or soldering skills.
Overflow pipe A drainage pipe designed to safely discharge water which has risen above its intended level in a cistern.
Padsaw pad_saw.bmp A small saw with a long straight blade used for cutting holes in awkward places.
Paintbrush paint_brush.bmp Generally, you will need higher quality brushes for light, gloss colours to achieve a smoother finish.
Paint kettle paint_kettle.bmp Container used for siphoning paint from the tin to prevent contamination.
Paint pad Foam pad with a handle, can be used as an alternative to a paintbrush or roller. Easy to use. They come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Similar finish to that produced by a foam roller.
Paint tray paint_tray.bmp Allows easy access to the paint when using a roller . Can be temporarily 'sealed' with tin foil for overnight storage.
Panel saw panel_saw.bmp A fine saw for cutting very thin wood.
Panelled door Panelled_door.bmp A door made of separate wooden panels, rather then plain veneer or of a one-piece construction.
Partition stud An interior timber-framed wall usually clad with plasterboard or other sheet material.
Passive infra-red A sensor that uses infra-red rays to detect movement. Used as an attachment to a burglar alarm system. Often shortened to (PIR).
Pasting brush pasting_brush.bmp Used for applying wallpaper paste to large areas.
Pasting table pasting_table.bmp Large, light-weight table for laying wallpaper on for pasting. Can be hired for one-off jobs.
Pattress A raised plastic or metal mounting plate, or box, for fixing a ceiling rose
Paving slab Patio Slabs.bmp Pre-cast concrete paving slabs for making pathways, patios, etc. Cheaper than natural stone. Ideal for patios and available in various colours.
Pegged string-line Pegged string-line String line, attached to wooden pegs or stakes, used for marking out a boundary.
Pendant drop A suspended light fitting.
Penetrating damp Moisture which permeates the fabric of a house due to faulty building techniques or disrepair.
Permeable With holes. Used to describe a material that a liquid can pass through.
Pickaxe pick_axe.bmp Used for digging and breaking hard materials, such as compact and dried earth or thin concrete. Quite a lot of upper body strength is needed to use a pickaxe.
Picture rail Wooden rail on the top third of a wall, for hanging paintings and pictures from.
Pigment Any substance that is used for colouring, e.g. Paint.
Pipe bender Mechanical pipe benders are used for both 16mm and 32mm pipes in plumbing. They are available for hire.
Pipe, copper Copper_pipes.bmp There are two sizes of copper pipe which are normally used for plumbing in the home.
Pipe cutter small_pipe_cutter.bmp A handy device that can easily cut usually copper pipe. Also known as a pipe slice.
Pipe cutter's reamer Part of pipe cutter that is used for removing burr or debris from the inside of a pipe.
Pipe, waste plastic pipe.bmp Normally made of plastic, refers to the pipe that removes waste water from an appliance, such as a sink, etc.
Pipe wrench A plumbing tool similar to a spanner.
Pipe bender spring pipe_bender_Spring.bmp The spring is inserted into the pipe prior to bending to prevent the collapse of the bore as the pipe is bent. Pipe bending springs come in two sizes for central heating and water supply pipes.
Plane plane.bmp A woodworking tool used for smoothing the surface of timber.
Planer planer.bmp Can chamfer edges as well as plane wood.
Plaster Plaster is a powder mixed with water. In the home it is applied to the brickwork to create a smooth surface. Made from Gypsum.
Plaster and Lath Ceilings in older type houses, which consists of strips of wood nailed to the ceiling joists and then plastered over.
Plasterboard stud construction A method of constructing walls which are hollow.
Plasterboard Board made from thin cardboard and plaster - not especially strong, used for ceilings or walls with a strong wooden framework.
Plasticiser Acts as a binding agent for mortar. Modern alternative to lime with several advantages including making mortar more resistant to frost.
Plate compactor A power tool that compacts block paving stones into the sand-based base.
Platform ladder platform_ladders.bmp Similar to step-ladders, but with a platform at the top, and are entirely free-standing. These can be hired and are ideal for working at height.
Pliers pliers.bmp Versatile electrician's tool mainly used for cutting wires.
Plug Plug.bmp Used to connect electrical appliances to the mains via a socket. Be careful when wiring. Make sure the brown conductor connects to the fuse terminal.
Plumb line plumb_line.bmp A weight that is suspended on a string to produce a true vertical.
Plunger plunger.bmp Used to unblock pipe work, such as toilets and sink waste-pipes, creates alternate pressure and vacuum to dislodge the blockage. Special shaped plungers are available for the toilet pan.
Pointing The finished exterior mortar filling between bricks. Pointing is designed to keep the elements, especially water, out of the mortar thus giving resistance to frost damage.
Polythene Polythene sheet.bmp A plastic with non-adhesive surface properties.
Polythene sheeting Polythene sheet.bmp See "Polythene". Can be used with sand to insulate drying concrete against the cold.
Portable equipment Hand held electrical equipment.
Prime In painting, to make a surface ready usually by adding a primer.
Prime new wood To add wood primer to make the surface ready for painting.
Primer A protective coating that seals a surface and reduces absorption of further coats of paint etc.
Proprietary dry partitions A type of wall construction often used by modern house builders.
Protection Any device connected in the circuit that will detect and automatically isolate fault conditions.
Protective device Any device that monitors the condition of a circuit and will isolate the supply when a fault occurs, e.g. fuse, MCB or RCD.
Protective link See "Protection".
PTFE ptfe_tape.bmp Polytetrafluorethylene - Comes in a tape form and used for sealing threaded plumbing fittings.
Pull switch Pull_switch.bmp Ceiling mounted electrical switch - regulations state they must be used in bathrooms to avoid electrocution from wet hands.
Pull cord A means of activating a switch without actually touching the electrical accessory.
PVC conduit Usually 20mm diameter hard plastic pipe, provides extra mechanical protection for any cables drawn through it.
Radial circuit A circuit with just a single feed and a single return connection.
Radiator radiator.bmp Radiators with air in them work inefficiently.
Radiator key radiator_key.bmp A small cheap device that opens the bleed valve of a radiator.
RCD As for "Residual Current Device". A protective device that monitors any leakage current passing through faulty insulation and not returned via the neutral conductor. Such devices will normally isolate the circuit when the leakage current exceeds 20mA.
Ready-mixed concrete For larger amounts it is possible to have concrete delivered and deposited directly into your formwork.
Recessed fitting See also "Ceiling lights"- a light fitting design to be sunk back into the ceiling.
Recessed luminaires See "Recessed Fittings".
Recovery position Relaxed foetal position, lying on the side with legs slightly bent and breathing airways clear.
Render To apply an angled protective layer of cement based mortar on exterior walls.
Repointing To repair a mortar joint by the addition of new mortar. The old joint is cleaned first.
Residual current devices A protective device that monitors any leakage current passing through faulty insulation and not returned via the neutral conductor. Such devices will normally isolate the circuit when the leakage current exceeds 20mA.
Resin Man-made or natural substance that acts as the suspending liquid for the pigment in gloss paint.
Resistance Circuit's opposition to the flow of electrical current, measured in Ohms.
Retaining nut Refers to the nut used to tighten a fitting onto pipe work.
Retardant An agent that slows a drying or curing process.
Retarded Treated with an agent that would slow the drying or curing process.
Rewirable fuse A simple type of fuse, formed from a single short length of small cross section, tinned copper wire, connected between brass electrodes.
Right angle An angle of 90 degrees. Also square.
Ring circuit A circuit for connecting to 13A socket outlets. Where both the feed and return conductors are connected in a closed loop or ring. The sockets are connected from this ring circuit at various points.
Riser The vertical part of a step.
Rising main The pipe which supplies water under mains pressure, usually to a storage cistern in the roof. Usually the kitchen cold tap is fed directly off the rising main.
Riving knife Part of an electrical saw. A riving knife follows behind the blade and holds the cut materials apart thus preventing them from closing or pinching the blade.
Rodding eye The access hole in a soil stack.
Roller roller.bmp Refers to paint rollers. Rollers come in different depths and are of different levels of quality of natural or synthetic hair.
Roller covers roller.bmp The material or fabric cover on the metal frame of the roller.
Roller extension rods roller_extension_rods.bmp Attach to a paint-roller handle to allow for easy ceiling painting. Ideal kit for painting a ceiling.
Roller, foam Not recommended for emulsion as the foam surface creates air bubbles in the paint film which then burst, leaving a cratered, orange peel type effect.
Roller, mohair long roller.bmp Used for painting textured surfaces which need to have a roller with "depth" to reach in between the features on the surface e.g. artex.
Roller, mohair short Suitable for applying silk emulsion. Used to paint roller on relatively flat, un-textured surfaces.
Rotary hammer & chiselling machine rotary_hammer_&_chiselling_machine.bmp This versatile tool has 2.2 Joule impact capability for its drilling and chisel attachments.
Router router.bmp Creative woodworking tool for shaping and profiling edges and routing grooves.
Router variable speed router_variable_speed.bmp For shaping and profiling edges and routing grooves in wood with adjustable speed control.
Sander belt belt_sander.bmp Belt sanders use a continuous belt, much like a treadmill, and are perfect for sanding large flat areas smoothly and quickly.
Sash A type of window that slides up or down, used extensively in Victorian housing.
Scaffolding A raised platform designed to allow safe working at height. Constructed of pipe work, easily assembled and dismantled.
Scale In proportion.
Score To cut an incised line.
Scour To cut an incised line.
Scraper scraper.bmp A painting tool used for removing paint or wallpaper.
Screw Screw.bmp A threaded fixing device. There are many types of screws, most are tapered and for fixing into non-threaded receptacles, as opposed to bolts, which are normally only used with a steel nut or metallic, threaded hole. Screws are available in all sizes. Used for driving into wood or wall plugs.
Screwdriver screw_driver.bmp Used for inserting / removing screws. Many types are available, the two main types being flat head and cross head. Cross-headed screwdrivers were first developed by Philips.
Screwdriver & cordless drill cordless_drill_&_screwdriver.bmp A power drill and screwdriver with an integral re-chargeable battery.
Screwdriver, flat-headed screw_driver_flat.bmp Do not use flat headed screwdrivers on cross-headed screws as it will cause damage.
Scumble glaze A specialised oil painter's glaze available in art shops.
Sealing Make good any cracks or defects.
Seam roller seamer.bmp Used for pressing down the seam of wallpaper joins
Secondary stack Some houses have a two stack soil system.
Self-cutting tap Self Cutting Valve.bmp A fitment that can cut into a pipe without the need for special tools.
Semi-porous Partly porous to moisture. Containing minute passages.
Septic tank A tank in which sewage is decomposed.
Service fuse The 60A or 100A cartridge fuse in the supply company's service connection box.
Service valve Compression_valve2.bmp Also called a stop valve. A valve designed to isolate the supply of one fixture or appliance.
Shank Part of radiator valve.
Sharp sand Sharp sand grain is larger than builders' sand.
Shavehook A tool, usually triangular for stripping off old paint.
Shaving hook shaving_hook.bmp Used in the removal of paint from tight nooks and crannies.
Shelves free_shelf.bmp Horizontal planes of wood, can be free standing or affixed to the wall. Free-standing shelves are cheap and easy to erect.
Shim A shim is any piece of material that adjusts a gap between 2 surfaces to a specific distance. In building construction, a piece of wood that has height in the right proportion to create the desired crossfall. For a 1:40 crossfall you would use a 25mm shim for every metre travelled.
Shoe The component forming the lower end of a vertical drainpipe and which throws water clear of a wall.
Short circuit faults Fault caused by an accidental connection between the live and neutral conductors.
Short circuits See "Short circuit fault".
Shower mixer Bath Shower Mixer.bmp A simple water mixer, that mixes but does not equalise the pressure of hot and cold supplies.
Side cutters side_cutters.bmp Electrician's tool used to assist with stripping cable insulation.
Silent filling device Silent_Filler.bmp A proprietary filling system for a cistern.
Silk A type of emulsion - vinyl-silk gives a silky smooth effect and good washability.
Single core A sheathed cable with a single conducting core.
Single socket outlet Single Socket Outlet, Flush.bmp Electrical accessory, single switched or unswitched socket outlet.
Single switched socket. Single Socket Outlet, Flush.BMP Double sockets are preferred these days.
Single-phase One of the supply phases of a three phase system, connecting into the house and comprising of a live and neutral connection.
Single-pole switch Switch connected to the live conductor. Will only isolate the live connection, not the neutral.
Skirting board The wooden boards at the base of the wall.
Slab A large thick piece of concrete.
Sliding clip Sliding_clips.bmp Provide inconspicuous support for wall mirrors.
Slip coupling Slip_coupling.bmp Compression joint for fixing burst pipes.
Small pipe cutter small_pipe_cutter.bmp Will tend to leave less debris than a hacksaw. Easy to use.
Small tile cutter small_tile_cutter.bmp Cheap adaptable cutter that takes some practice to master.
Smoke alarm Electrical sensor that detects smoke fumes and gives an audible alarm- will beep intermittently when battery power is low.
Smooth paints Paint for external walls is available in either smooth or textured forms.
Smoothing brush smoothing_brush.bmp Decorating tool. For smoothing out bubbles in freshly applied wallpaper.
Socket Fence Socket.bmp In this case, refers to a method of fixing a post to a solid surface.
Socket plates Fence Socket.bmp Method of fixing a post to solid surfaces.
Socket spanner Type of spanner that uses a socket instead of a clamp end. Is less likely to strip a seized nut than a traditional spanner, but access is different.
Soft sand Builders sand used for mortar. Quite fine texture as opposed to sharp sand.
Soil pipe soil-pipe.bmp Largest vertical drain line to which all branch waste drains connect; carries waste to the sewer.
Soil stack soil-pipe.bmp Largest vertical drain line to which all branch waste drains connect; carries waste to the sewer.
Solder, multi-core solder_wheel.bmp A metal alloy that is melted to join metal surfaces including copper pipes.
Solder ring fittings Soldered_capillary.bmp Solder ring fittings have the solder already built in and need simply to be heated.
Solvent push-fit-corner.bmp In Plumbing - refers to a chemical that partially melts plastic pipes and forms a permanent joint. Also any substance able to dissolve another.
Solvent weld push-fit-straight.bmp Method of joining waste pipe systems using solvent.
Spacer Plastic or cardboard used to create even spaces when tiling.
Spade spade.bmp A broad bladed digging tool. Wear correct footwear when digging. Bend at the knee.
Spanner spanner.bmp Hand held tool used to tighten nuts or bolts. Always use the correct size for the fastener. Spanners are most useful if in a set.
Spigot Spiggot.bmp A fitment designed to allow connection between the copper pipe fittings and the hosepipe.
Spike Spike.bmp An oxidised piece of steel which acts as a support for fence posts when driven into the ground.
Spirit level spirit_level.bmp Used for assessing horizontal and vertical alignment.
Split level cooker A cooker that has a separate oven and hob.
Split pin A pin inserted through a hole, usually in a plumbing fitment. The split ends can be opened to prevent it becoming dislodged.
Spray gun spray_gun.bmp Uses compressed air to spray paints, primers, varnishes and wood primers.
Spreader, adhesive adhesive_spreader.bmp Used to create the grooved ridges in tile adhesive.
Spur A short length of electrical cable feeding a socket outlet or fused connection unit and taking its power by connecting from a ring circuit.
Square 90 Degrees, also known as a right angle.
Standard Brush brush_standard.bmp The quality of brushes varies considerably, as does their cost.
Stanley knife stanley_knife.bmp Used for cutting materials including carpet.
Steel pegs Pegs used to create steel formwork.
Stepladders step _ladders.bmp A ladder with flat treads and a hinged prop. Always use the right size ladders for the job in hand.
Stile Term for vertical part of a door.
Stipple brush stipple_brush.bmp Also stippling brush. Available at art shops.
Stippling Specialised paint technique.
Stippling brush stipple_brush.bmp A specialised paintbrush used for creating stippled effect.
Stirrer Stirrer.bmp Power tool used for stirring plaster- worth hiring for bigger jobs.
Stone chippings Specially rounded gravel chippings suitable for laying paths. Will be available from a builders merchant.
Stopcock There is normally one main stopcock for the water supply.
Storyboard A collection of paint samples and fabric swatches that form a colour theme for a room.
Straight connector A pipe fitting.
Straight edge metel_ruler.bmp A rigid length of metal strip having one straight edge. A metal ruler is a straight edge. Used for drawing straight lines between points on a wall.
Strap on boss A piece of moulded plastic that forms an inserted join to a soil stack. The boss can be attached after the soil stack is in place.
Strimmer strimmer.bmp A power-tool that uses a small length of nylon cord spun very quickly to cut small areas of vegetation neatly. Allows you to stand up while trimming lawns.
Strut A support.
Stud partition An interior timber-framed wall clad with plaster, plasterboard or other sheet material.
Studded Partition walls use metal studs in their construction.
Sub-base The foundation of (usually) hardcore beneath the top level on a drive, path or patio.
Subsoil The soil beneath the topsoil- often contains broken rocks.
Supplementary earth bonding Electrical term. In a bathroom, a system of conductors linking all non-conducting metal work to the general mass of earth. An essential safety practice, required under IEE regulations.
Swarf Debris on the inside of a tap, pipe or other device, usually formed after cutting.
Swept tee connector Swept Tee Connector.bmp Waste pipe connection that allows for gravitational flow of water.
Switch wire The conductor that connects between the switch and the light fitting. Insulation should be red- otherwise a red sleeve needs to be attached at either end, close to the terminations.
Symbols Standard drawing symbols representing electrical and other components.
Tamp To pack-down a loose material. Usually refers to the process of flattening fresh-laid hardcore or concrete.
Tamp down To flatten down. Usually refers to laying concrete and hardcore. Will remove air pockets and settle the structure of the material.
Tamping tool Used to flatten down, especially concrete, thus removing air pockets.
A piece of wood that can reach across the formwork bay, can be used as a tamping tool.
Tandem saw tandem_saw.bmp A universal saw used for cutting a variety of larger, softer materials such as logs and breize blocks.
Tap tap.bmp Externally taps come in all shapes and sizes. However, there are only two sizes of fittings - bath fittings and sink fittings. Taps are easy to change once you have the right tools.
Tap spanner Specialised long spanner used for tightening the retaining nut at the base of a tap in the under-sink recess.
Tape measure tape_measure.bmp Essential flexible measuring device. The ones made of metal are more durable. Electronic version are available.
Tee connector Compression Joint Tee Connector.bmp Usually refers to a connector that allows 2 pipes to be connected to one, shaped like a capital "T".
Terminal Normally a screwed brass type of construction providing a cable connection point.
Textured paint Paints that create a textured effect and can hide cracks. The paint has added materials which give it these properties. External paints are often textured or smooth.
Thermostat Refers to an adjustable temperature-operated switch which controls a heating system.
Three-core & earth cable Three_core&earth_cable.bmp Only really used in the home for connecting between two way switches.
Three-core flexible cable Three_core_circ-sheathed.bmp Used for connecting to most electrical appliances.
Three phases The basic electrical supply arrangement, consisting of three line conductors and possibly a neutral conductor.
Three-way connector block See also "Terminal blocks". A plastic connection block with three terminals for through connections.
Tile cutter large large_tile_cutter.bmp Useful for cutting large numbers of tiles, either floor or wall tiles.
Tile cutter small small_tile_cutter.bmp A device designed to cut tiles, either hand held or slightly larger.
Tile gauge Home made marked batten which allows easy estimation of tiles needed.
Tile saw tile_saw.bmp Used for cutting odd shapes and curved shapes from tiles.
Tiles Tiles.bmp Available in many sizes and colours.
Toilet Toilet.bmp Common abbreviation for water closet. A water closet is another name for a toilet. Incidentally the toilet in England is also known as a 'loo'. The word 'loo' is a derivative of the French phrase 'garden l'eau' - 'watch out for the water' (pronounced 'gardy loo'). Before the toilet was invented the common practice, was to fling the contents of chamber pots from the nearest door or window.
Tongue The male part of a floorboard joint which fits into a groove on an adjacent floorboard.
Topcoat The uppermost coat of paint.
Torque A control on a drill that allows limitation of the tangential force whilst using the screwdriver option.
Track lighting A special "track" construction for connecting low-voltage lights. The lights can be moved along the track without the need for disconnection.
Transformer Used to change AC voltages, either up or down. Cannot be used to change DC voltages.
Transmission towers Steel tower constructions, supporting high voltage overhead electrical transmission lines.
Trap Waste Trap.bmp A bent section of pipe containing standing water to prevent the passage of unpleasant gases.
Trap, bottle bottle-trap.bmp Prevents gases escaping the sewer.
Trap, 'p' p-trap.bmp Prevents gases escaping the sewer. Named after the shape of the letter 'P'.
Trap 's' s-trap.bmp Prevents gases escaping the sewer. Named after the shape of the letter 'S'.
Tread The flat part of a step.
Trowel trowel.bmp A builder's trowel is used in bricklaying and pointing.
True Not distorted. Straight or flat.
Try square try_square.bmp Used for checking right angles.
Twin-and-earth See "Twin-and-earth core cable".
Twin-core flex Sheathed flexible conductor with (brown) live and (blue) neutral. Normally used for lighting from pendant drops.
Twin-and-earth core cable A sheathed cable with two insulated conductors and a single bare earth conductor.
Two-core-and-earth See "Twin-and-earth core cable".
Two-gang light switch Light_switch.bmp Two light switches in one unit.
Undercoat Specially formulated paint that builds up a protective layer before the topcoat and after the primer.
Universal re-seating tool universal_re-seating_tool.bmp For regrinding the base thread of taps.
Variable speed, cordless drill & screwdriver cordless_drill_&_screwdriver_variable_speed.bmp A power drill and screwdriver with an integral re-chargeable battery and variable speed controls.
Variable speed cordless hammer drill cordless_hammer_drill_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed hammer drill with a battery and speed control.
Variable speed, cordless hammer drill & screwdriver Cordless_hammer_drill_&_screwdriver_variable_speed.bmp A variable speed hammer drill (used for drilling masonry) with a battery.
Variable, high speed Jigsaw jigsaw_variable_high_speed.bmp Cuts twice as fast as normal jigsaws and has easy blade change.
Variable speed Jigsaw jigsaw_variable_speed.bmp Cuts wood, steel and aluminium with speed control for maximum effectiveness.
Variable speed multi-sander multi_sander_variable_speed.bmp Speed control gives a greater flexibility for sanding.
Variable speed orbital sander orbital_sander_variable_speed.bmp Uses inexpensive sanding sheets and has built in dust extraction.
Variable speed router router_variable_speed.bmp For shaping and profiling edges and routing grooves in wood with adjustable speed control.
Vinyl May refer to vinyl matt or vinyl silk emulsion paint, which has intense pigment or colour.
Voltage The electric force that is available for driving the circuit current through the load resistance- also capable of driving an electric shock current through the body.
Wall light Light fitting for fixing to an inside wall. Note that many wall lights rely on convection to cool them, follow the mounting instructions carefully to avoid a fire hazard.
Wall plugs wall_plug.bmp Needed for screwing into walls.
Walling blocks Walling_block.bmp Various types are available - they are more difficult to cut than bricks.
Wallpaper Wallpaper.bmp Plain wallpaper is easier to fit than patterned.
Wallpaper stripper wallpaper_stripper.bmp Applies heat through a steam plate to penetrate paper for easy removal.
Washbasin, pedestal Pedestal Sink.bmp As opposed to a wall hung basin.
Waste pipe plastic pipe.bmp Waste pipe systems come in two main types. Polypropylene pipes degrade in sunlight and are therefore not appropriate for outdoor. Solvent weld systems are unaffected by sunlight.
Water hammer The noise produced in pipes by changing water pressure. Usually caused by closing a tap too quickly, sending a pressure wave along the pipe work which can cause movement and damage the pipes.
Watts Unit of power- Supplying electrical power at the rate of 1000W for one hour will require one unit of electrical energy.
Wax polish A type of floor polish.
WC Toilet.bmp Common abbreviation for water closet. A water closet is another name for a toilet. Incidentally the toilet in England is also known as a 'loo'. The word 'loo' is a derivative of the French phrase 'garden l'eau' - 'watch out for the water' (pronounced 'gardy loo'). Before the toilet was invented the common practice, was to fling the contents of chamber pots from the nearest door or window.
Wet area Freshly painted areas. You should always paint into wet areas to avoid a 'join' appearing.
Wet edge Painting technique of always moving the paint from dry areas to wet areas, so ensuring an even coating.
Wet 'n' dry vacuum cleaner wet_n'_dry_vacuum_cleaner.bmp Can also be used with power tools for dust extraction.
Wet-and-dry-paper Abrasive paper for rubbing down, either dipped in water or usually dry.
White spirit Petroleum based liquid. Often used to thin oil-based paint on clean paintbrushes.
Wide brush brush_wide.bmp A good paintbrush is carefully shaped into a wedge and has long bristles.
Wire strippers wire_strippers.bmp Electrician's tool used for removing insulation from cables.
Wire wool Wire_wool.bmp A mass of very fine wire used for scouring.
Wiring regulations Book.bmp See also "IEE regulations". A code of professional practice laid down by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.
Wooden bracket Bracket3.bmp A support for a small shelf that attaches to the shelf and wall by means of screws.
Wooden builder's square Builders_square_wooden.bmp A device for measuring right angles - metal versions can be purchased.
Wooden float wooden_float.bmp Used for plastering. Made of wood. Plastic and metal versions are available.
Work bench work_bench.bmp Very useful for cutting and gripping materials.
Wrench, pipe A plumbing tool similar to a spanner.
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